1. What is the pH Neutralization Formula?

The pH neutralization formula calculates the acidity or alkalinity of a solution based on hydrogen ion concentration. For concrete applications, pH measurement is crucial for assessing corrosion potential and chemical resistance.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — Measure of acidity/alkalinity (unitless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (molarity, M)

Explanation: The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value.

3. Importance of pH Calculation in Concrete

Details: Concrete typically has a high pH (12-13) which protects reinforcing steel from corrosion. Neutralization reduces pH and increases corrosion risk.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in molarity (M). Values must be positive (concentration > 0).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the ideal pH for concrete?
A: Fresh concrete typically has pH 12-13. Values below 10 indicate significant carbonation and increased corrosion risk.

Q2: How does pH affect concrete durability?
A: High pH maintains a passive layer on steel reinforcement. Lower pH increases corrosion rates and structural deterioration.

Q3: What causes pH reduction in concrete?
A: Carbonation (reaction with CO2) and chloride penetration are primary causes of pH reduction in concrete.

Q4: How is pH measured in concrete?
A: Typically measured using phenolphthalein indicator or pH electrodes on extracted pore solution.

Q5: Can pH be restored in carbonated concrete?
A: Electrochemical realkalization can temporarily restore pH, but prevention is more effective than remediation.