1. What is Density?

Density is a physical property of matter defined as mass per unit volume. It's an intensive property, meaning it doesn't depend on the amount of material. For liquids, density is typically measured in grams per milliliter (g/mL).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the density equation:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Density (g/mL)
• \( m \) — Mass (g)
• \( V \) — Volume (mL)

Explanation: The equation shows that density increases with greater mass and decreases with greater volume.

3. Importance of Density Calculation

Details: Density measurements are crucial in chemistry, engineering, and material science for identifying substances, calculating buoyancy, and designing systems involving fluid flow.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter mass in grams and volume in milliliters. Both values must be positive numbers. For accurate results, measure mass after accounting for container weight (tare).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the density of water?
A: Pure water at 4°C has a density of exactly 1 g/mL. At room temperature (20-25°C), it's about 0.997 g/mL.

Q2: How does temperature affect density?
A: For most liquids, density decreases as temperature increases due to thermal expansion (the exception being water between 0-4°C).

Q3: What's the difference between density and specific gravity?
A: Specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to water's density at 4°C, making it dimensionless.

Q4: How precise should my measurements be?
A: Use at least 2 decimal places for research-grade measurements. For classroom purposes, 1 decimal place is often sufficient.

Q5: Can this calculator be used for gases or solids?
A: The same equation applies, but units differ (g/L for gases, g/cm³ for solids). Always ensure consistent units.