1. What is the C1V1 = C2V2 Equation?

The C1V1 = C2V2 equation is a fundamental dilution formula used in chemistry and biology. It states that the product of initial concentration (C1) and initial volume (V1) equals the product of final concentration (C2) and final volume (V2) after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C1 \) — Initial concentration (PPM)
• \( V1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( C2 \) — Final concentration (PPM)
• \( V2 \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: This equation is based on the principle of mass conservation, where the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential for preparing solutions of desired concentrations in laboratories, industrial processes, and medical applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter any three known values to calculate the fourth unknown. All values must be positive numbers. PPM (parts per million) is a dimensionless concentration unit.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does PPM stand for?
A: PPM means parts per million (1 mg/L for water solutions). It's a unit for measuring very dilute concentrations.

Q2: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, as long as V1 and V2 use the same units (mL, L, etc.). The calculator currently uses liters (L).

Q3: Does this work for any solute?
A: Yes, as long as the concentration units are consistent and the solute doesn't react or precipitate during dilution.

Q4: What if I need to calculate one variable?
A: Enter the three known values, and the calculator will verify if the equation holds or indicate if there's a mismatch.

Q5: How precise should my measurements be?
A: For best results, use precise measurements (at least 2 decimal places) especially when working with very dilute solutions.