1. What is the Pipe Flow Equation?

The pipe flow equation (Q = πr²v) calculates the volumetric flow rate of a fluid through a circular pipe. It's based on the continuity equation for incompressible fluids in laminar flow conditions.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pipe flow equation:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( r \) — Pipe radius (m)
• \( v \) — Flow velocity (m/s)
• \( \pi \) — Mathematical constant (~3.14159)

Explanation: The equation calculates the volume of fluid passing through the pipe per unit time by multiplying the pipe's cross-sectional area (πr²) by the fluid velocity.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Flow rate calculations are essential for designing piping systems, determining pump requirements, and ensuring proper fluid transport in industrial, civil, and mechanical applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter pipe radius in meters and flow velocity in meters per second. Both values must be positive numbers (radius > 0, velocity ≥ 0).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Does this equation work for all fluids?
A: The equation works for incompressible fluids (like water) in laminar flow. For compressible fluids or turbulent flow, more complex equations are needed.

Q2: What if my pipe diameter is given instead of radius?
A: Simply divide the diameter by 2 to get the radius before entering it into the calculator.

Q3: What are typical flow velocities in pipes?
A: For water, typical velocities range from 0.5-3 m/s in building plumbing and 1-5 m/s in industrial applications.

Q4: How does pipe material affect the flow rate?
A: Pipe material affects friction losses but not the basic flow rate calculation. For long pipes, you'd need to consider head loss due to friction.

Q5: Can I use this for non-circular pipes?
A: No, this equation is specifically for circular pipes. For other shapes, you'd need to calculate the appropriate cross-sectional area.