1. What is the Pipe Flow Equation?

The pipe flow equation (Q = A × v) calculates the volumetric flow rate of water through a pipe by multiplying the cross-sectional area of the pipe by the average flow velocity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pipe flow equation:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of pipe (m²)
• \( v \) — Average flow velocity (m/s)

Explanation: The equation represents the fundamental relationship between flow rate, pipe size, and fluid velocity in hydraulic systems.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculation is essential for designing piping systems, determining pump requirements, and ensuring proper system operation in water supply, HVAC, and industrial applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the pipe's cross-sectional area in m² and the water velocity in m/s. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How do I calculate pipe cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes, A = π × (diameter/2)². For other shapes, use the appropriate geometric formula.

Q2: What is typical water velocity in pipes?
A: Domestic water systems typically range 0.5-2.5 m/s, with 1-1.5 m/s being common for optimal balance between pressure loss and noise.

Q3: Does this equation work for other fluids?
A: Yes, the basic Q = A × v equation applies to all incompressible fluids, though viscosity effects may require additional considerations.

Q4: How does pipe material affect flow?
A: Pipe material affects roughness which influences velocity via friction losses, but the fundamental flow equation remains valid.

Q5: What about turbulent vs laminar flow?
A: The equation works for both regimes, though velocity profiles differ. The calculator assumes uniform average velocity.