1. What is Buoyant Force?

The buoyant force (F_b) is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an immersed object, equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. This principle is known as Archimedes' Principle.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the buoyancy equation:

Where:

• \( F_b \) — Buoyant force (Newtons)
• \( \rho \) — Fluid density (kg/m³)
• \( V \) — Volume of displaced fluid (m³)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s² on Earth)

Explanation: The equation shows that buoyant force depends on the density of the fluid, the volume of fluid displaced, and the local gravitational acceleration.

3. Importance of Buoyancy Calculation

Details: Buoyancy calculations are essential for designing ships, submarines, hot air balloons, and understanding why objects float or sink. It's fundamental in fluid mechanics and naval architecture.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter fluid density in kg/m³ (1000 for water), displaced volume in m³, and gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s² for Earth). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does buoyant force exist?
A: It results from the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the submerged object - greater pressure at depth pushes upward.

Q2: What's the relationship between buoyancy and floating?
A: An object floats when its weight equals the buoyant force (when it displaces a volume of fluid whose weight equals its own).

Q3: How does saltwater affect buoyancy?
A: Saltwater is denser (≈1025 kg/m³) than freshwater, providing greater buoyant force for the same displaced volume.

Q4: Can buoyancy be negative?
A: No, buoyant force always acts upward. If the calculated value is negative, check your input values for errors.

Q5: How does this apply to hot air balloons?
A: The "fluid" is air - heating makes it less dense, so the balloon displaces more volume to achieve buoyant force equal to its weight.