1. What is the Bohr Model?

The Bohr model is a quantum physics model of the atom that describes electrons orbiting the nucleus in discrete energy levels. It was proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913 and successfully explains the hydrogen spectrum.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Bohr model energy equation:

Where:

• \( E_n \) — Energy of the electron in the nth orbit (eV)
• \( n \) — Principal quantum number (positive integer)
• 13.6 — Ground state energy of hydrogen (eV)

Explanation: The equation shows that electron energy levels are quantized and become less negative (higher energy) as n increases.

3. Importance of Energy Levels

Details: Understanding energy levels is crucial for explaining atomic spectra, electron transitions, and the quantum nature of atoms.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter any positive integer for the quantum number n. The calculator will return the corresponding energy level in electron volts (eV).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the energy negative?
A: The negative sign indicates the electron is bound to the nucleus. Zero energy would mean the electron is free from the atom.

Q2: What are typical values for n?
A: n=1 is the ground state, n=2 is the first excited state, etc. For hydrogen, n can be any positive integer.

Q3: Does this work for other atoms?
A: The equation is exact only for hydrogen or hydrogen-like ions (single electron systems). For multi-electron atoms, the energy levels are more complex.

Q4: How does this relate to photon emission?
A: When an electron transitions between levels, the energy difference is emitted or absorbed as a photon: \( \Delta E = h\nu \).

Q5: What are the limitations of the Bohr model?
A: It doesn't explain fine structure, Zeeman effect, or multi-electron atoms. Quantum mechanics provides more complete descriptions.